{"id":1507,"date":"2015-11-27T16:33:24","date_gmt":"2015-11-27T09:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/?page_id=1507"},"modified":"2016-06-28T11:15:38","modified_gmt":"2016-06-28T04:15:38","slug":"1507-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/?page_id=1507","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kho ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c k<\/span>ho <\/span>n<\/span>g\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (*)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 2 kho ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (t\u00ean l\u00e0 VTB v\u00e0 VCor) do Trung t\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc T\u00ednh to\u00e1n\u00a0\u2013 \u0110H Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 Tp.HCM (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 CLC)[1] cung c\u1ea5p. Ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trang b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (<\/span>www.tuoitreonline<\/a>, www.vnexpress.net<\/a>,\u2026) trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 (utf-8), d\u1ea1ng XML trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb (tag) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u t\u1eebng c\u00e2u (SEG id), t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n (PARA), t\u1eebng t\u1eadp tin (DOC docid), ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (Language) v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c (Domain). Ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u VTB \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch (annotate) th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u00e3n t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i (POS) v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean (Named Entity). C\u00f2n ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u VCor ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e3n ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb (do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn). Xin xem h\u00ecnh 1 minh h\u1ecda b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

<ANNOTATOR id=”VTB0017″><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nguy\u00ean_nh\u00e2n\/Nn\/O l\u00e0\/Vc\/O b\u00e3o\/Nn\/O s\u1ed1\/Nn\/O 10\/An\/O \u0111ang\/R\/O ch\u1ecbu\/Vv\/O \u1ea3nh_h\u01b0\u1edfng\/Nn\/O b\u1edfi\/Cp\/O h\u1ec7_th\u1ed1ng\/Nn\/O tr\u1ee5c\/Nn\/O r\u00e3nh\/Nn\/O cao\/Aa\/O v\u00e0\/Cp\/O s\u1ef1\/Nc\/O l\u00f4i_k\u00e9o\/Vv\/O t\u1eeb\/Cm\/O si\u00eau__b\u00e3o\/Nn\/TRM_B Melor\/Nr\/TRM_I \u1edf\/Cm\/O ngo\u00e0i\/Cm\/O kh\u01a1i\/Nn\/O Philip<\/span>pines\/Nr\/LOC_B .\/PU\/O<\/SEG><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo\/Vv\/O \u00f4ng\/Nn\/TTL_B B\u00f9i_Minh_T\u0103ng\/Nr\/PER_B -\/PU\/O gi\u00e1m_\u0111\u1ed1c\/Nn\/DES_B Trung_t\u00e2m\/Nn\/ORG_B D\u1ef1_b\u00e1o\/Vv\/ORG_I kh\u00ed_t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/Nn\/ORG_I thu\u1ef7_v\u0103n\/Nn\/ORG_I trung_\u01b0\u01a1ng\/Aa\/ORG_I ,\/PU\/O b\u00e3o\/Nn\/O s\u1ed1\/Nn\/O 10\/An\/O c\u00f3\/Ve\/O h\u01b0\u1edbng\/Nn\/O di_chuy\u1ec3n\/Vv\/O v\u00e0\/Cp\/O di\u1ec5n_bi\u1ebfn\/Vv\/O r\u1ea5t\/R\/O ph\u1ee9c_t\u1ea1p\/Aa\/O ,\/PU\/O c\u00f3_th\u1ec3\/Aa\/O thay_\u0111\u1ed5i\/Vv\/O so\/Vv\/O v\u1edbi\/Cp\/O nh\u1eadn_\u0111\u1ecbnh\/Nn\/O ban_\u0111\u1ea7u\/Nn\/O .\/PU\/O<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/DOC><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/ANNOTATOR><\/span><\/p>\n

VCor:<\/span><\/p>\n

<S<\/span> id=\u201900001\u2019<\/span>> Ch\u00ednh_s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0_n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u_t\u01b0 x\u00e2y_d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 chung_c\u01b0 b\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu_nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p , nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t_c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n_l\u00fd t\u1ed1t <\/S><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

H\u00ecnh<\/span> 1. <\/span>Ng\u1eef<\/span> li\u1ec7u <\/span>VTB<\/span> v\u00e0 VCor c\u1ee7a CLC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

VTB<\/span> c\u00f3 201.594 c\u00e2u, 5<\/span>.<\/span>501<\/span>.<\/span>225<\/span> l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u l\u00e0 <\/span>27<\/span>,3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb\/chu\u1ed7i<\/span> (token)<\/span> kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 <\/span>118<\/span>.<\/span>4<\/span>55<\/span>. <\/span>Ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u VCor <\/span>c\u00f3 <\/span>17.095.994 c\u00e2u<\/span> (<\/span>42 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c<\/span>)<\/span>, g\u1ed3m 346.454.533 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 443.301.776 ch\u1eef (ti\u1ebfng\/\u00e2m ti\u1ebft), trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1eeb, m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb c\u00f3 1,28 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u00e2m ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i 3,27 con ch\u1eef<\/span>. C\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111a ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng 1 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi (<\/span>vd: <\/span>nguy\u00ean_nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <\/span>ph\u00e1i sinh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng 2 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi (<\/span>vd<\/span>: si\u00eau__b\u00e3o). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cT\u1eeb\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d (theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t <\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>). Nh\u00e3n t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean <\/span>k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb<\/span> c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh [<\/span>3<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>TH\u1ed0NG K\u00ca TR\u00caN<\/span> KHO NG\u1eee LI\u1ec6U TI\u1ebeNG VI\u1ec6T<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u1eeb kho <\/span>V<\/span>Cor<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <\/span>th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea <\/span>\u0111\u1ec3 <\/span>r\u00fat ra <\/span>t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb. T\u1eeb VTB ch\u00fang ta th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea r\u00fat ra <\/span>t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t <\/span>t\u1eeb <\/span>theo t\u1eeb <\/span>lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a <\/span>ch\u00fang<\/span>.<\/span> D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 <\/span>k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kho<\/span> V<\/span>Cor v\u00e0 VTB<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.1.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n s<\/span>u\u1ea5<\/span>t<\/span> \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong VCor<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong <\/span>kho <\/span>ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u <\/span>V<\/span>Cor<\/span>, c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u00a0 \u00a0f = \u2013lg (n\/N) v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 N l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft trong ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u <\/span>VCor<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong 100 tri\u1ec7u \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u201cv\u00e0\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 1 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n th\u00ec f s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u2013lg(10exp6\/10exp8) = 2. N\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf (nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 8, n\u1ebfu \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 1 l\u1ea7n).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Stt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00c2m ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

v\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,921<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.317.402<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,923<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.292.970<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,946<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.019.951<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,029<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.146.670<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

m\u1ed9t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,056<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.896.722<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,060<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.860.997<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,082<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.670.282<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,105<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.480.964<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

trong<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,119<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.370.540<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,139<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.218.841<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft<\/span> tro<\/span>ng VCor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Theo \u0111\u00f3, 1% c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 70 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft) chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 30% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <\/span>VCor<\/span>. 10% c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 700 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft) chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 80% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <\/span>VCor<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh <\/span>2<\/span>. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft<\/span> tro<\/span>ng VCor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1.2.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n s<\/span>u\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong VCor<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf <\/span>VCor<\/span>, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c <\/span>h\u01b0 t\u1eeb<\/span>, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c <\/span>th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb<\/span> nh\u01b0 \u201c<\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf, t\u00f4i, n\u0103m, l\u00e0m, \u00f4ng, anh, vi\u1ec7c<\/span>, …\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Stt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u1eeb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

v\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,820<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.243.802<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,<\/span>822<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.219.708<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,956<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.833.948<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,959<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.807.556<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,968<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.729.463<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

m\u1ed9t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,986<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.578.049<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,012<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.370.127<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,031<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.225.865<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

trong<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,043<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.137.952<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cho<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,050<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.087.779<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2<\/span>a<\/span>. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb<\/span> trong VCor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, 1% c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 330 t\u1eeb) l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 55% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <\/span>VCor<\/span>. 10% c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (kho\u1ea3ng 3.300 t\u1eeb) chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 90% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong <\/span>VCor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Stt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u1eeb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

..<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

..<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,160<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.396.880<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u1edf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,210<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.136.221<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

t\u00f4i<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,<\/span>314<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.681.304<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

31<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n\u0103m<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,401<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.376.088<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

32<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0m<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,423<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.308.116<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

33<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00f4ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,436<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.269.540<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

36<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

anh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,464<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.190.272<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

44<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,530<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1.022.460<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,611<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

848.489<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

60<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,660<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

757.960<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ea3ng <\/span>2b<\/span>. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb<\/span> trong VCor<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh <\/span>3<\/span>. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t <\/span><\/span>
\n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong VCor<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

So s\u00e1nh b\u1ea3ng <\/span>1<\/span> v\u00e0 <\/span>2,<\/span> ta th\u1ea5y trong <\/span>VCor<\/span> s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u201cv\u00e0\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (5.243.802 l\u1ea7n) \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfng \u201cv\u00e0\u201d (5.317.402 l\u1ea7n) v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u201cv\u00e0\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u201cv\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0: \u201ct\u00f9 v\u00e0\u201d, \u201cch\u00e0 v\u00e0\u201d,…T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n s<\/span>u\u1ea5t<\/span> t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span> trong VTB<\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u <\/span>VTB, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a <\/span>t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n <\/span>theo t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Stt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u1eeb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

POS<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,820<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

77.936<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

v\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cp<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,822<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

77.360<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nq<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,956<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57.144<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ve<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,959<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

53.614<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Vc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,968<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

52.207<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

trong<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1,986<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

49.867<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

m\u1ed9t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nq<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,012<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47.037<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0111\u00e3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

R<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,031<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.503<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nh\u1eefng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nq<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,043<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

43.878<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

R<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,050<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42.888<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ea3ng <\/span>3<\/span>. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb<\/span> trong VTB<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n <\/span>3.624<\/span> l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh t\u1eeb\u201d (t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p) v\u00e0 <\/span>2<\/span> l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (con t\u1ed1t).<\/span> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb<\/span> \u201cl\u00e0\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, k\u1ebft t\u1eeb, tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Stt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u1eeb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

POS<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3.775<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u1ee7a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nn<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,6789<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

115<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

368<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

v\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,4268<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.059<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

20.793<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

v\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Vv<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6,1384<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

39.212<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00e1c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Vv<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6,7405<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

3.224<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,5731<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

147<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

103<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

c\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

R<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,9803<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5.756<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

19.385<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Vv<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6,0415<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5.290<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cs<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,9209<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

143<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cp<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,0857<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.516<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1.749<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,1842<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

360<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

186<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

t\u1ed1t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Aa<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3<\/span>,<\/span>1813<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3.624<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

25.154<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

t\u1ed1t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nn<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6<\/span>,<\/span>4394<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ea3ng <\/span>4<\/span>. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb<\/span> trong <\/span>VTB<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3<\/span>: Cm: gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb; Cp: li\u00ean t\u1eeb; Nq: s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb,\u00a0 Ve: \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; Vc: h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb; R: tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb; Nn: danh t\u1eeb, Vv: \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, Aa: t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, M: tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG TRONG GI\u1ea2NG D\u1ea0Y<\/span> TI\u1ebeNG VI\u1ec6T<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u1eeb <\/span>hai kho ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u VCor v\u00e0 VTB v\u00e0 <\/span>c\u00e1c <\/span>k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea <\/span>c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/span>, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t <\/span>nh\u01b0<\/span> sau:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/a><\/a>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u2013 ng\u1eef \u00e2m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1eadp, \u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ebft t\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng ghi \u00e2m v\u1ecb, n\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. <\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> v\u1ed1n \u00e2m ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n \u00e2m ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ti\u1ebft. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft <\/span>qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1<\/span>.1, ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh s\u00e1ch 700 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (chi\u1ebfm 80% l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>). D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, <\/span>ta <\/span>x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe, n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>X<\/span>\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u1edf ph\u1ea7n <\/span>1<\/span>.2, ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh s\u00e1ch 3.300 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 90% l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n). D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta <\/span>x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb (\u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span>ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb<\/span>, trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ta<\/span> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d (danh t\u1eeb\/t\u00ednh t\u1eeb); \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d (\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb\/\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb); … V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, ta c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1c<\/span>h <\/span>1<\/span>.3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed7i tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d v\u1edbi t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d v\u1edbi t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>X<\/span>\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh\/t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. T\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y <\/span>c\u0169ng <\/span>s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\/\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n<\/span> trong ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh hay trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n <\/span>Oxford <\/span>OALD8 [<\/span>4<\/span>] \u0111\u00e3 <\/span>\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span> khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 qua 3.000 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t<\/span>r\u00e1nh <\/span>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/span>vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a\/gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trung b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n <\/span>m\u00e0 ta hay <\/span>g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (sugar) trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft tinh<\/span> c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt<\/span>\u201d<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u VCor v\u00e0 VTB \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>\u00ecm theo<\/span> h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1eeb<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Do \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Anh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111ang t\u00ecm (v\u00ec <\/span>trong c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfng Anh, m\u1ed7i<\/span> ti\u1ebfng <\/span>s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem<\/span> t\u1eeb). C\u00f2n trong ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u <\/span>VC<\/span>or<\/span>, do c\u00f3 g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1eeb, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ta mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d: m\u00e1y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (nh\u01b0: \u201c<\/span>tin <\/span>\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u2026\u201d, \u201c<\/span>tin<\/span> m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn\u201d), ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d trong ng\u1eef: \u201cnh\u1eafn <\/span>tin<\/span>\u201d, \u201c<\/span>tin<\/span> s\u1ed1t d\u1ebbo\u201d, \u2026; ch\u1ee9 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi <\/span>h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb <\/span>\u201ctin\u201d trong c\u00e1c <\/span>t\u1eeb<\/span> \u201ctin m\u1eebng\u201d, \u201ctin t\u1ee9c\u201d, \u201cth\u00f4ng tin\u201d hay <\/span>\u00e1-h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb<\/span> \u201ctin\u201d trong \u201cc\u0103n-tin\u201d, \u2026 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi t\u00ecm t\u1eeb \u201cquan t\u00e0i\u201d, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m \u201cquan t\u00e0i\u201d trong c\u00e2u \u201cm\u1ed9t \u00f4ng <\/span>quan t\u00e0i<\/span> gi\u1ecfi\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/span> theo t\u1eeb<\/span> lo\u1ea1i<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1eeb theo t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d: m\u00e1y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d n\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0: \u201cch\u00fang ta <\/span>tin <\/span>r\u1eb1ng\u2026\u201d; ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm danh t\u1eeb \u201ctin\u201d trong c\u00e1c ng\u1eef: \u201cnh\u1eafn <\/span>tin<\/span>\u201d, \u201c<\/span>tin<\/span> s\u1ed1t d\u1ebbo\u201d, \u2026; <\/span>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d th\u00ec m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/a><\/a>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb qua chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n (concordance):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb (context). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, khi xem x\u00e9t ngh\u0129a\/c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn <\/span>\u00e2m ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u201c<\/span>m\u00e1y<\/span>\u201d <\/span>th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span> s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a <\/span>\u00e2m ti\u1ebft<\/span> \u201c<\/span>m\u00e1<\/span>y\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (h\u00ecnh 4) hay t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d (h\u00ecnh 5<\/span>).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.4.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/a><\/a>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t chu\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb (collocation)<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, <\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u\/kh\u00f3 nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m <\/span>t\u1eeb <\/span>m\u00e0 <\/span>ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/span>Vi\u1ec7t <\/span>d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: <\/span>\u0111\u1ecf l\u00f2m\/<\/span>l\u00e8<\/span>, t\u00edm ng\u1eaft\/<\/span>l\u00e8<\/span>; g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng\/<\/span>\u0111\u1ef1c<\/span>, d\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c\/<\/span>tr\u1ed1ng<\/span>; s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng\/<\/span>m\u1ed3m<\/span>, \u2026 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi <\/span>VCor<\/span>, qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc<\/span> bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o, tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o, …<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh <\/span>4<\/span>. T<\/span>\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo \u00e2m ti\u1ebft<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh <\/span>5<\/span>. T<\/span>\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo t\u1eeb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span> khai th\u00e1c ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x<\/span>\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ed1n \u00e2m ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n <\/span>(<\/span>theo t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span>)<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, qua vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t<\/span>\u1eeb<\/span> kho ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u201cnghi\u1ec7m\u201d ra c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kho ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e1n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u tri th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1eefa th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/span><\/p>\n

    [<\/span>1<\/span>]. https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/resources<\/span>\/<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    [<\/span>2<\/span>]. Vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc (Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), \u201c<\/span>T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u201d, NXB \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb3ng, 1980<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    [<\/span>3<\/span>]. \u0110inh \u0110i\u1ec1n, “X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u song ng\u1eef Anh-Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed”, <\/span>lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc so s\u00e1nh<\/span>, \u0110H Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i & Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u0110HQG Tp.<\/span> HCM, 3\/2005.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    [<\/span>4<\/span>]. A.S.Hornby, \u201c<\/span>Oxford Advanced Learner\u2019s Dictionary 8<\/span>th<\/span> edition<\/span> with Vietnamese translation<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (\u0110inh \u0110i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch)<\/span>, <\/span>NXB Tr\u1ebb Tp.HCM, 2014<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0———————————————-<\/span><\/p>\n

    (*)\u00a0N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0110inh \u0110i\u1ec1n, H\u1ed3 Xu\u00e2n Vinh, \u201c\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Kho Ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c day ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o\u00a0qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/em>, 1\/2016, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u, B\u00e0 R\u1ecba – V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, tr. 172-180.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kho ng\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (*) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":226,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1507"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1507"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2017,"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1507\/revisions\/2017"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.clc.hcmus.edu.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}